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8 Underrated Items at the National Museum of Scotland

16th Apr 2026

At the National Museum of Scotland, you can find all sorts of interesting things like dinosaurs and impractically wide dresses.

But what about the really intriguing displays that you have to go on the hunt for? Look no further, we’ve gathered 8 of the most interesting objects at the museum.

Want to see even more? Join us on Fridays, April through June, for a tour of the National Museum of Scotland, where we’ll take you straight to the most striking objects and share their secrets.

Lewis Chess Pieces

These 12th-century chess pieces were found by a farmer, hidden in a stone chamber at Uig Bay on the Isle of Lewis, part of the Outer Hebrides.

These striking figures might be the most well-known chess pieces in history. Carved from walrus ivory, they are unique and recognisable, with their swords, crowns, expressions and the beloved berserker gnawing on his own shield.

Take a closer look. What details do you notice?

10 light brown ivory chess pieces on display in a case at the National Museum of Scotland.

Tartan

You might not consider tartan to be a niche display at the National Museum of Scotland—the plaid fabric is a national symbol of the country, after all. But you might not know the storied history of the fabric.

At the museum, you can learn not only how it’s made, but also how during the Jacobite uprisings, tartan was seen as a symbol of Jacobite support.

It might also surprise you that from 1746 to 1782, it was illegal for Highlanders to wear tartan unless they were serving in the King’s military.

A section of green and blue tartan fabric on a wooden loom, on display at a museum in Edinburgh.

The Maiden

‘The Maiden’ is a very pretty name for guillotine, but a Scottish guillotine it is nonetheless. It predates the French guillotine by over 200 years, having been introduced while Mary, Queen of Scots was monarch in 1564.

Originally, it was set up at the Mercat Cross, on Castlehill or on the Grassmarket. Suitable, then, that our dark history and ghost tours all begin at the Mercat Cross.

150 people were executed via the Maiden until 1716, including Lady Christian Nimmo, who supposedly still haunts her former home as the White Lady of Corstorphine.

A Mercat Storyteller standing next to a wooden guillotine at the National Museum of Scotland, surrounded by visitors wearing white headphones.

Whisky Still

It’s likely that you already associate Scotland with whisky—sometimes referred to as Scotch whisky or just Scotch. But have you ever seen a whisky still?

The distillation process that takes place in these is an art in and of itself. The shape of the still and the method used to heat it even affect the whisky’s flavour.

The earliest written record we have of whisky production is from 1494, with the original name coming from the Gaelic phrase uisge beatha, meaning ‘water of life.’ It was quite different to the Scotch whisky we know today: it was very potent, a stimulant ideal for life in cold, windy Scotland.

A very large copper whisky still on display in a museum, next to a small train engine display.

Remnants of the Witch Trials

You might be familiar with the Salem Witch Trials, but did you know that the Scottish Witch Trials were even worse?

Though it's not a competition between two horrible parts of history, the Scottish Witch Trials produced over 100 times the number of victims as Salem.

During these trials, those accused were...encouraged to confess crimes. You can see the various tools used here, from witch collars to pilliwinks, also known as thumbscrews.

A display of iron interrogation instruments from the Scottish Witch Trials, including a collar, chains, and thumbscrews.

Sedan Chair

If you’re familiar with Edinburgh, you know just how narrow and winding the streets can be. So how did carriages move through the city in the past?

The answer: they often didn’t!

Wealthy residents could instead be transported door to door in a sedan chair, carried by a person in the front and back.

Some chairs, like this one at the National Museum of Scotland, were owned by individuals. Others were more plain, the black cab of the 18th century.

A Mercat Storyteller speaks to a group of visitors at the National Museum of Scotland, gathered around a large, covered chair with poles on either side.

Mary, Queen of Scots

Though the original can be found at Westminster Abbey, this plaster cast of the tomb effigy of Mary, Queen of Scots represents important parts of Scottish history.

Mary, Queen of Scots was queen from the ripe old age of...six days old. She lived a tumultuous life: from being hidden from English forces to being sent to France, from being widowed by 17 to experiencing the Protestant Reformation back in her home country of Scotland.

She was executed aged 44, on the orders of her cousin Queen Elizabeth I.

A Mercat Storyteller and several visitors wearing white headphones gathered around a white effigy of Mary Queen of Scots.

Dolly the Sheep

Dolly was the first mammal to be cloned using an adult somatic cell, a process that took place at the nearby Roslin Institute. It was a scientific breakthrough that proved a single, specialised adult cell (like a mammary cell) can be used to create an entire new organism.

And yes, she was actually named after singer Dolly Parton.

A glass display case at the National Museum of Scotland with a taxidermy white sheep.

You can find all of these displays at the National Museum of Scotland. But, if you don’t feel like going on the hunt for the really interesting bits of history, join us on Fridays, April-June, for a National Museum of Scotland tour and we’ll do the hard work for you!